Fine particle pH and gas-particle phase partitioning of inorganic species in Pasadena, California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign

pH is a fundamental aerosol property that affects ambient particle concentration and composition, linking pH to all aerosol environmental impacts. Here, PM1 and PM2.5 pH are calculated based on data from measurements during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study from 15 May to 15 June 2010 in Pasadena CA. Particle pH and water were predicted with the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted to measured gas-particle partitioning of inorganic nitrate, ammonium and chloride. The study mean ± 20 standard deviation PM1 pH was 1.9 ± 0.5 for the SO4-NO3-NH4-HNO3-NH3 system. For PM2.5, internal mixing of sea salt components (SO4-NO3-NH4-Na-Cl-K-HNO3-NH3-HCl system) raised the bulk pH to 2.7 ± 0.3 and improved predicted nitric acid partitioning with PM2.5 components. The results show little effect of sea salt on PM1 pH, but significant effects on PM2.5 pH. A mean PM1 pH of 1.9 at Pasadena was approximately one unit higher than what we have reported in the southeastern US, despite similar temperature, relative humidity and sulfate ranges and is due to higher total nitrate 25 concentrations (nitric acid plus nitrate) relative to sulfate, a situation where particle water is affected by semi-volatile nitrate concentrations. Under these conditions nitric acid partitioning can further promote nitrate formation by increasing aerosol water, which raises pH by dilution, further increasing nitric acid partitioning and resulting in a significant increase in fine particle nitrate and pH. This study provides insights on the complex interactions between particle pH and nitrate in a summertime coastal environment and a contrast to recently reported pH in the eastern US in summer and winter and the 30 eastern Mediterranean. All studies have consistently found highly acidic PM1 with pH generally below 3. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp-2016-1158, 2017 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Published: 5 January 2017 c © Author(s) 2017. CC-BY 3.0 License.